739 million adults still cannot read and write - UNESCO

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UNESCO proclaimed International Literacy Day in 1966.

But despite progress globally, 739 million adults (UNESCO Institue for Statistics, 2025) still cannot read and write.

Global literacy rates have improved significantly between 1975 and 2024: the global adult literacy rate (aged 15+) from 65% to 88%, and the global youth literacy rate (aged 18–24) from 75% to 93%. 

  1. Only 44% of students attain minimum proficiency in mathematics by the end of primary school.
  2. In a fifth of countries with data less than half of children are instructed in their first language
  3. 73% of countries still invest less than 1% of GDP in R&D

Data insights

  1. Over a quarter of primary school aged children do not attend education in some countries.
  2. Rural youth often have significantly lower educational attainment than urban counterparts.
  3. Over one in ten youth and adults – almost three quarters of a billion people - are unable to understand a simple text.

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