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World leaders approved the UN Declaration on Sea Level Rise

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World leaders adopted the landmark legally non binding  UN Declaration on Sea Level Rise at a high-level General Assembly meeting on 24th September 2026.  Background:  770 million people live in coastal areas affected by sea level rise. Just a half-metre rise in sea levels by the end of the century could force between 150 million and 300 million people from their homes. Island States face the possibility of substantial losses of land territory and even complete submergence, which could render them uninhabitable.  By 2100, the UN’s World Meteorological Organization estimates that seas will have risen by at least 0.5 metres, while the most pessimistic predictions estimate a full two metres increase.  For small low-lying nations in the Pacific Ocean like Tuvalu, Kiribati and the Marshall Islands, which lie only around two metres above the sea, this growing reality poses a very tangible threat. Core Pillars of Declaration: 1. Knowledge, data and science Insist...
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UPSC IAS Daily Current Affairs ( 23 – 09 – 2026 ) by UniFocus IAS

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IMEI Tampering Madhubani and Mithila traditions National Rainfed Area Authority ( NRAA ) e200X Indian Railways Commissions KAVACH 4.0 for the First Time on South Central Railway Proposed reforms to the joint IMF - World Bank Debt Sustainability Framework for Low-Income Countries approved
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Proposed reforms to the joint IMF - World Bank Debt Sustainability Framework for Low-Income Countries approved

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The Debt Sustainability Framework (DSF) is the main tool for multilateral institutions and other creditors to assess risks to debt sustainability in Lower-Income Countries (LICs).   The LIC DSF applies to low-income countries that have substantially long-maturity debt with terms that are below market terms (concessional debt), or to countries that are eligible for the World Bank Group’s International Development Association (IDA) grants.  It was introduced in 2005.  It was subjected to periodic reviews.  Latest review is expected to be operational by mid - 2027. The proposed reforms introduce significant upgrades in four key areas:  1. T he reforms strengthen the analysis of domestic debt, which has become an increasingly critical source of vulnerability in many low-income countries.   2. T he reforms broaden the analysis of long-term development challenges, including those stemming from climate adaptation and other development needs.   3. T he reforms will...
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Indian Railways Commissions KAVACH 4.0 for the First Time on South Central Railway

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  Indian Railways has achieved a significant milestone in railway safety with the successful commissioning of KAVACH Version 4.0 for the first time on South Central Railway (SCR). The upgradation from KAVACH Version 3.2 to Version 4.0 has been successfully completed over 108 Route Kilometres on the Malkajgiri-Kamareddi section of Hyderabad Division. The latest version incorporates further technological improvements based on the experience gained from the deployment of KAVACH Version 3.2 over 1,465 Route Kilometres on South Central Railway. KAVACH 4.0 brings enhanced safety, advanced technology, higher reliability and safer train operations, and is planned for large-scale deployment across Indian Railways. KAVACH Version 4.0 has been developed, tested and is now being deployed by Indian Railways as an Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system. The latest version incorporates major improvements required to cater to the diverse operational and technological requirements of the Indian Ra...
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e200X

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The e200X, being developed by Ubifly Technologies, is a three-seater, zero-emission advanced air mobility aircraft configured for one pilot and two passengers, with a targeted range of 110 km and an ideal speed of 160 kmph. The aircraft brings together multiple indigenous technology elements, including vertical rotors, forward propellers, proprietary flight-control algorithms, power-distribution controllers and battery-pack modules with integrated cooling systems. The company has also designed the complete airframe, including the fuselage, wings and booms, in-house. A notable feature of the aircraft is its landing gear designed for both conventional and vertical landing, offering operational flexibility for advanced air mobility applications. Its compact architecture is intended to enable operations from relatively small spaces and facilitate multiple trips on a single battery charge. The project is categorised under Deep Technology, with Space Technologies as the sub-sector. Its advan...
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