Gravitational Lensing, Einstein Ring / Einstein–Chwolson Ring / Chwolson Ring & Einstein Cross

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Albert Einstein’s general theory of relativity predicts that light will bend around objects in space, so that they focus the light like a giant lens. This phenomenon is called gravitational lensing. 

Gravitational lensing occurs when a massive object — such as a galaxy cluster — warps space and time causing light to bend, distort, and magnify as it passes around the massive object. Sometimes, light could become so warped that it appears multiple times (like a mirror image), or in the shape of a circle called an Einstein ring.

The first Einstein ring was discovered in 1987. Scientists have openion that invisible form of matter called dark matter is responsble for bending of light into ring.. So, Einstein Rings could be indirect way to study dark matter. Scientists can also learn about the background galaxy itself using Einstein Rings.

It was first descibed by Einstein in his general theory of relativity.

British astronomers Arthur Stanley Eddington, Frank Watson Dyson, and Andrew Crommelin proved Einstein’s theory in 1919.

The Einstein Cross (Q2237+030 or QSO 2237+0305) is a gravitationally lensed quasar that sits directly behind the centre of the galaxy ZW 2237+030, called Huchra's Lens. 

Huchra's lens is the lensing galaxy of the Einstein Cross (Quasar 2237+30); it is also called ZW 2237+030 or QSO 2237+0305 G. It exhibits the phenomenon of gravitational lensing.

  1. https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2025/02/Einstein_ring_explained
  2. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/astronomers-discover-extremely-rare-einstein-ring-in-early-euclid-telescope-data-revealing-warped-space-time-180986030/
  3. https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Euclid/Euclid_discovers_a_stunning_Einstein_ring
  4. https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/euclid-discovers-einstein-ring-in-our-cosmic-backyard/
  5. https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/science/science-behind-the-discoveries/hubble-gravitational-lenses/
  6. https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/science/universe-uncovered/hubbles-gravitational-lenses/
  7. https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/science/science-highlights/focusing-in-on-gravitational-lenses/
  8. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstein_Cross
  9. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huchra%27s_lens
  10. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstein_ring
  11. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_lens
  12. https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-sci-tech/einstein-ring-9832360/?ref=newlist_hp

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