GenomeIndia Project

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This project was funded by Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India.

It was launched in January 2020. 

Its goal is to sequence genome of 10000 individuals spanning the length and breadth of the country.

Management of Data: 

The launch of the ‘Framework for Exchange of Data (FeED)’ Protocols under the Biotech-PRIDE Guidelines ensures that the high-quality, nation-specific data will be shared in a transparent, fair, and responsible manner. The Biotech-PRIDE Guidelines, introduced in 2021, are a testament to India’s commitment to ethical and secure data sharing.

What is Human Genome & genomic sequencing?

The genome, or genetic material, of an organism is made up of a unique DNA or RNA sequence. Each sequence is composed of chemical building blocks known as nucleotide bases. Determining the order of bases is called "genomic sequencing" or, simply, "sequencing."

Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is the process of determining the entirety, or nearly the entirety, of the DNA sequence of an organism's genome at a single time.

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) refers to sequencing technologies that can process a large quantity of genetic material at a time. NGS is a successor to Sanger sequencing.

Sanger sequencing is a method of DNA sequencing that involves electrophoresis and is based on the random incorporation of chain-terminating dideoxynucleotides by DNA polymerase during in vitro DNA replication. After first being developed by Frederick Sanger and colleagues in 1977, it became the most widely used sequencing method for approximately 40 years.

Steps of Genome Sequencing:

Step 1: Strands of DNA or RNA are first extracted from the cell.

Step 2: Preparation steps involve Cut the DNA into fragments before sequencing. These sample is called a "library" and is ready for sequencing.

Step 3: The library is loaded into a sequencer, which identifies the nucleotide bases in the DNA fragments.
Step 4: The sequencer produces data—millions of long strings of letters—that are then assembled together or aligned with a reference sequence. 

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