2023–2024 Sundhnúkur eruptions

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The 2023–2024 Sundhnúkur eruptions are an ongoing series of volcanic eruptions in the Reykjanes peninsula, near the town of Grindavík, Iceland. The first eruption started on the evening of 18 December 2023, at the Sundhnúkur crater chain north of Grindavík, with lava spewing from fissures in the ground. The intensity of the eruption and accompanying seismic activity decreased early on 19 December 2023, with lava seen spreading laterally from both sides of the newly opened fissures. The eruption was described as the largest in the Reykjanes Peninsula since the beginning of eruptive activity in 2021,[4] with lava fountains, up to 100 metres (330 ft) high, and was visible as far away as the capital Reykjavík, 42 kilometres (26 mi) away. The eruption ended on 21 December 2023, after the Icelandic Meteorological Office said no lava was erupting after a flight over the volcano, but clarified that it was "too early to declare the eruption over." Sundhnúkur is a crater row and currently active volcanic fissure that is part of the Reykjanes Peninsula rift zone.

The eruption was preceded by an intense earthquake swarm in the Eldvörp–Svartsengi volcanic system that began on 24 October 2023, caused by a magmatic intrusion underneath the area. The frequency and intensity of the earthquakes dramatically increased on 10 November 2023, with 20,000 tremors recorded by that time, the largest of which exceeded magnitude 5.3. An evacuation was ordered in Grindavík, and large-scale subsidence in and around the town caused significant damage.

On 14 January 2024, a second fissure erupted north of Grindavík with most of its lava steered away from the town by newly constructed protection barriers. A few hours later, a third fissure opened less than 100 metres (330 ft) from the town inside the protection barriers, with its lava reaching and burning down three residential houses.

A third eruption began on 8 February 2024 about a kilometer north of Grindavík, in the same area as the December eruption, with a fissure about three kilometers long effusively erupting lava on top of earlier flows.

One person has been reported missing after falling into a crack created by the earthquakes.

  1. Wikipedia
  2. New Fissures Spill Lava in Iceland - NASA Earth Observatory
  3. Iceland Erupts - NASA Earth Observatory
  4. New Fissures Spill Lava in Iceland - NASA Earth Observatory


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