UniFocus IAS ( UNIFOCUS UNIVERSAL )

  This Free Module Contains 10 objective questions on topics of National Focus. Click below link to get this module. <<<  NF20220428  >>>

  This Free Module Contains 10 objective questions on topics of National Focus. Click below link to get this module. <<<  NF20220427  >>>

  This Free Module Contains 10 objective questions on topics of National Focus. Click below link to get this module. <<<  NF20220426  >>>

  This Free Module Contains 10 objective questions on topics of National Focus. Click below link to get this module. <<<  NF20220424  >>>

Indus Waters Treaty was signed in the year 1960 with Pakistan concerning the use of waters of the Indus system of rivers. The Treaty extends to main rivers of Indus basin i.e. Sutlej, Beas, Ravi (Eastern rivers) and Jhelum, Chenab and Indus (Western rivers) including their tributaries and sub tributaries and other water bodies. All the waters of the Eastern Rivers were allocated to India for her unrestricted use while India is under obligation to let flow all the waters of the Western Rivers, except for the domestic, non-consumptive and other uses permitted in the Treaty. A Treaty has been signed with Nepal in the year 1996, viz. Mahakali Treaty concerning Integrated Development of the Mahakali River (known as river 'Sarda' in India), including Sarda Barrage, Tanakpur Barrage and Pancheshwar Project. In addition, Kosi Agreement, 1954 (amended in December, 1966) and Gandak Agreement, 1959 (amended in April, 1964) were signed with Nepal for construction of Kosi Project and Gandak...

  The Indian Star Tortoise,   Geochelone elegans   (Family Testudinidae) is a medium-sized tortoise endemic to the Indian subcontinent. Typical straight carapace length (CL) of females is up to 32 cm, with males up to 26 cm, but females of greater than 50 cm CL are known. The species occurs in scrub forests, grasslands, and some coastal scrublands of arid and semi-arid regions throughout its range, but also commonly inhabits human-dominated landscapes, including agricultural fields, hedgerows, and plantations.   Geochelone elegans   is most active during the monsoon rains when it is known to forage and copulate throughout the day. Females typically produce two clutches annually, usually comprising 2–10 eggs per clutch. Generation time has been estimated to be about 10 years. Outside of the monsoon season the species is predominantly crepuscular, typically venturing out in early morning and late afternoon, hiding under bushes or tufts of grass throughout the rest...

 Recently  UNEP and partners including TRAFFIC,  WWF-India  and the Wildlife Crime Control Bureau (WCCB) have joined forces and launched a new dedicated project called Deterring and Disrupting Wildlife Trafficking in the Air Transport Sector in India.  The Deterring and Disrupting Wildlife Trafficking in the Air Transport Sector in India programme is an important step in combatting illegal trafficking of wildlife, through capacity building tools and training modules developed for law enforcement agencies at airports.  The project has developed a new  online hub  that includes courses on how to curb wildlife trafficking, information on the laws and regulations, a video highlighting the problem, checklists for enforcement officials to help them in their day to day operations and posters to raise awareness.  The new project engages with nodal agencies at airports and helps to increase the awareness and prevention of illegal wildlife trade. ...

    This Free Module Contains 10 objective questions on topics of National Focus. Click below link to get this module. <<<  NF20220422  >>>

 Root Server: When we type in  ​ ‘ abc.com ’ in your browser, it sends a request to the computer’s resolver asking for the  IP  address of the website you’re looking for. The resolver in turn sends this  ​ ‘ DNS  query’ to their Internet Service Provider ( ISP ) or local  DNS  server, which in turn asks a root server to find out the authoritative servers. The root server provides a list of authoritative servers for .com first, which in turn provides a list of authoritative servers for  ​ ‘ abc.com ’. The  DNS  server then asks the  ​ ‘ abc.com ’ server for the  IP  address where the website content is stored and relays it back to your browser via your computer’s resolver and that is how you get to see the website where you can find this paper. Twelve organizations, known as the “root server operators”, administer 13 “identities”, each of which is named with the letters 'a' to 'm' within the “ro...

The India’s engagement with the Arctic dates back to a century when ‘Svalbard Treaty’ was signed in February 1920 in Paris and, today India is undertaking several scientific studies and research in the Arctic region. Indian researchers are monitoring arctic glaciers for their mass balance and comparing them with glaciers in the Himalayan region. India has also been actively involved in studies related to the Arctic oceanography, atmosphere, pollution and microbiology. Over twenty-five Institutes and Universities are currently involved in Arctic research in India. About a hundred peer-reviewed papers have been published on Arctic issues since 2007. Thirteen (13) nations are observers in the Arctic Council which include France, Germany, Italian Republic, Japan, The Netherlands, People’s Republic of China, Poland, India ,   Republic of Korea, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom. In 2014 and 2016, India's first multi-sensor moored observatory in Kongsfjorden and the northernmost atmosp...

A geomagnetic storm is a major disturbance of Earth's magnetosphere that occurs when there is a very efficient exchange of energy from the solar wind into the space environment surrounding Earth. These storms result from variations in the solar wind that produces major changes in the currents, plasmas, and fields in Earth’s magnetosphere. The solar wind conditions that are effective for creating geomagnetic storms are sustained (for several to many hours) periods of high-speed solar wind, and most importantly, a southward directed solar wind magnetic field (opposite the direction of Earth’s field) at the dayside of the magnetosphere. This condition is effective for transferring energy from the solar wind into Earth’s magnetosphere. The largest storms that result from these conditions are associated with solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) where a billion tons or so of plasma from the sun, with its embedded magnetic field, arrives at Earth. CMEs typically take several days to arrive...

The  Black Sea  is a  marginal   mediterranean sea  of the  Atlantic Ocean  lying between  Europe  and  Asia . It lies to the east of the  Balkans  in  Southeast Europe , south of the  East European Plain  in  Eastern Europe ; and north of  Anatolia  and west of the  Caucasus , both in  Western Asia . The Black Sea is  supplied by  major rivers, principally the  Danube ,  Dnieper , and  Don . Consequently, while six countries have a coastline on the sea itself, its  drainage basin  includes parts of 24 countries across Europe. [2] The Black Sea covers 436,400 km 2  (168,500 sq mi) (not including the  Sea of Azov ), has a maximum depth of 2,212 m (7,257 ft), and a volume of 547,000 km 3  (131,000 cu mi). [5]  Most of its coasts ascend rapidly. These rises are the  Pontic Mountain...

 Various studies on payment systems have observed that about 75% of the total volume of retail transactions (including cash) in India are below ₹100 transaction value. Further, 50% of the total UPI transactions are having a transaction value of up to ₹200/-. To process billion-a-day transactions, entire UPI ecosystem will have to invest heavily in infrastructure upgrade. Large banks have already implemented upgrades, such as separate financial and meta transactions infrastructure, separate endpoints for payment service provider (PSP) / issuer and to provide better technical up time for UPI services, and such banks are getting ready to process three times of current volumes.  As an efficient strategy to process large-scale small value digital payments and based on the guidelines issued by RBI for enabling mobile devices to support offline payments vide its circular no. CO.DPSS.POLC.No. S1264/ 02-14-003/2021-2022 titled “Framework for facilitating small value digital payments in...