A General Introduction to International Atomic Energy Agency ( Part 1 )

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The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) serves as the world’s foremost intergovernmental forum for scientific and technical cooperation in the peaceful use of nuclear energy. It was Established in 1957. It is an autonomous international organization within the United Nations System.

 

The IAEA headquarters is at the Vienna International Centre in Vienna, Austria. Operational liaison and regional offices are located in Geneva, Switzerland; New York, USA; Toronto, Canada; and Tokyo, Japan. The IAEA runs scientific laboratories in Vienna and Seibersdorf, Austria and in Monaco. It also supports research centres, such as the one in Trieste, Italy.

 

The IAEA is not a party to the NPT but is entrusted with a key verification role under it. Under the NPT, the IAEA has a specific role as the international safeguards inspectorate. The IAEA serves also as a multilateral channel for transferring peaceful applications of nuclear technology:

 

NPT Article III: The IAEA administers international safeguards to verify that non-nuclear weapon States party to the NPT fulfil the non-proliferation commitment they have made, “with a view to preventing diversion of nuclear energy from peaceful uses to nuclear weapon or other nuclear explosive devices.”

 

NPT Article IV: The IAEA facilitates and provides a channel for endeavours aimed at “the further development of the applications of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes, especially in the territories of non-nuclear-weapon States Party to the Treaty, with due consideration for the needs of the developing areas of the world.”

 

The IAEA’s objectives and functions:

1. Take any action needed to promote research on, development of, and practical applications of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes (Article III.A.1);

2.  Provide materials, services, equipment and facilities for such research and development, and for practical applications of atomic energy “with due consideration for the needs of the under-developed areas of the world” (Article III.A.2);

3. Foster the exchange of scientific and technical information (Article III.A.3);

4. Establish and apply safeguards to ensure that any nuclear assistance or supplies with which the IAEA was associated should not be used to further any military purposes — and apply such safeguards, if so requested, to any bilateral or multilateral arrangement (Article III.A.5);

5. Establish or adopt nuclear safety standards (Article III.A.6)

 

IAEA and United Nations:

As an independent international organization related to the United Nations (UN) system, the IAEA's relationship with the UN is regulated by a special agreement. In terms of its Statute, the IAEA reports annually to the UN General Assembly and, when appropriate, to the UN Security Council regarding States' non-compliance with safeguards obligations, as well as on matters relating to international peace and security.

( To be continued . . . . )


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