UniFocus IAS ( UNIFOCUS UNIVERSAL )

A geographical indication (GI) is a sign used on products that have a specific geographical origin and possess qualities or a reputation that are due to that origin. In order to function as a GI, a sign must identify a product as originating in a given place. In addition, the qualities, characteristics or reputation of the product should be essentially due to the place of origin. Since the qualities depend on the geographical place of production, there is a clear link between the product and its original place of production. A geographical indication right enables those who have the right to use the indication to prevent its use by a third party whose product does not conform to the applicable standards. For example, in the jurisdictions in which the Darjeeling geographical indication is protected, producers of Darjeeling tea can exclude use of the term “Darjeeling” for tea not grown in their tea gardens or not produced according to the standards set out in the code of practice for t...

 Tokenisation refers to replacement of actual card details with an alternate code called the “token”, which shall be unique for a combination of card, token requestor (i.e. the entity which accepts request from the customer for tokenisation of a card and passes it on to the card network to issue a corresponding token) and device (referred hereafter as “identified device”). Conversion of the token back to actual card details is known as de-tokenisation. How can the tokenisation be carried? The card holder can get the card tokenised by initiating a request on the app provided by the token requestor. The token requestor will forward the request to the card network which, with the consent of the card issuer, will issue a token corresponding to the combination of the card, the token requestor, and the device. The customer need not pay any charges for availing this service. Are the customer card details safe after tokenisation? Actual card data, token and other...

  The ISA Assembly approved the Solar Facility , a pay ment guarantee mechanism which is expected to  stimulate investments into solar through two financial components: S olar P ayment G uarantee F und  and Solar I nsurance F und . The S olar F acility is expected to stimulate high potential solar technologies,  by attracting private capital to flow into underserved markets in Africa, while ensuring a payment and  insurance mechanism as a first loss guarantee. The ISA will soon operationalize Solar Facility to  crowd source investments from various donors across the globe and proposed p rojects in Africa will  be able to purchase payment guaran tees or partial insurance premium from these funds. Highlights of 5th Assembly of  The International Solar Alliance : 1. India and France re-elected President and Co-President of the ISA Assembly for a period of two years and 8 new Vice-President countries were announced.  2. ...

This ruling may pave the way for Eelam Tamils to be granted Indian citizenship. The act allowed the granting of Indian citizenship to migrants from Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh who identify as Hindu, Sikh, Jain, Buddhist, Christian, or Parsi. Court clarified that Though Sri Lanka does not fall within the said amendment, the very same principle is equally applicable. https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/caa-norms-can-be-applied-to-hindu-tamils-from-lanka-madras-high-court-101666032302424.html https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/principles-of-caa-apply-to-sl-hindu-tamils-says-hc/article66022691.ece https://hcikl.gov.in/pdf/press/CAA_2019_dec.pdf https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2019/214646.pdf

In a two separate appointments, The World Bank has appointed Michel Lino has as the Neutral Expert and Sean Murphy has the Chairman of the Court of Arbitration regarding the Kishenganga and Ratle hydroelectric power plants, in view of disagreements and differences between India and Pakistan over the 1960 Indus Waters Treaty. It is to be noted that, with respect to dispute over two hydroelectric power projects, Pakistan wants World Bank to establish Court of Arbitration where as India wants Neutral Expert  to consider their concerns about the designs of the two hydroelectric power projects. About Indus Waters Treaty Water Treaties or Agreements with Neighbouring Countries The Hindu ANI